Facts

• On Monday, North and South Korea exchanged warning shots, charging each other of infringing on their western maritime border as tensions run high. Pyongyang has conducted weapons tests at an unprecedented clip in 2022.
• South Korea's Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) said Pyongyang fired 10 artillery shells into a buffer region in the Yellow Sea, allegedly violating a 2018 inter-Korean military agreement. The North's Korean People's Army, however, claimed it was a "grave warning" against naval intrusions from the South.
• This came one hour after the JCS broadcasted 20 warning messages and fired 20 warning shots in response to a North Korean merchant ship that reportedly crossed the Northern Limit Line (NLL), the de facto sea boundary in the West Sea, at around 3:40 am.
• The incident area is highly disputed due to the poorly marked sea boundary near the Korean Peninsula's west coast, and is a source of long-running tensions. The region has been the scene of several violent naval battles between the North and South in recent years.
• Following this latest incident, Seoul issued a statement saying that large-scale four-day firing exercises would be carried out off its west coast starting on Monday. This is part of South Korea's annual defense drills, which also involve US troops this year.
• Monday's exchange of fire comes as US Deputy Secretary of State Wendy Sherman is to hold three-way talks with Japan and South Korea in Tokyo. The intent is to show unity amid recent escalations.